母乳喂养（全文）

下面是小编为大家整理的母乳喂养（全文）,供大家参考。

　 在过去的几十年中,有越来越多的证据证明母乳喂养对健康有益， 对此付诸于实践的建议也在持续增加。

　现在， 世卫组织能够完全自信地说， 母乳喂养可以降低儿童的死亡率， 它对健康带来的益处可以延续到成人期。

　以人口基础而论， 出生后最初 6 个月的纯母乳喂养是建议的喂养婴儿方式， 接着以持续母乳喂养并添加适当的补充食品的方式进行喂养， 直至 2 岁或更长。

　为了使母亲们能够实行和坚持在最初 6 个月的纯母乳喂养，世卫组织和联合国儿童基金会建议：

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　Breastfeed in g

　Over the past decades, evidence for the health advantages of breastfeeding and recom m endations for practice have continued to increase. WHO can now say with full confidence that breastfeeding reduces child m ortality and has health benefits that extend into adulthood. On a population basis, exclusive breastfeeding for the first six m onths of life is the recom m ended way of feeding infants, followed by continued breastfeeding with appropriate complementary foods for up to two years or beyond. To enable m others to establish and sustain exclusive breastfeeding for six m onths, WHO and UNI CEF recom m end:

　 I n it iation

　of breast feed in g w it h in

　t h e first h ou r of life;

　 Exclu si ve breast feedin g

　- t h at is, th e in fan t on ly receives breastm ilk w it h ou t

　an y ad dit ion al food or drin k, n ot

　even

　w at er;

　 Breastfeedin g

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　d em an d - t h at

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　as t h e ch ild w an t s, day an d n i gh t ;

　 No u se of bot t les, t eats or

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　 母乳是婴儿的第一天然食品， 它为婴儿出生后最初几个月提供了所需的能量和营养素， 并且在婴儿 1 岁前的后半年， 母乳也满足了一半或更多的婴儿营养需要， 而且在婴儿 2 岁的这一年中， 母乳可提供三分之一的营养。

　母乳有利于感觉和认知的发育， 并且防止婴儿患传染病和慢性疾病。

　纯母乳喂养也可以降低婴儿因腹泻或肺炎等常见儿童期疾病的死亡率， 并且帮助婴儿在患病以后快速康复。

　母乳喂养对母亲的健康和福祉也同样有好处， 这也帮助延长了生孩子的间隔， 降低了患卵巢癌和乳腺癌的危险， 增加了家庭和国家的资源， 属于安全的喂养方式， 同时对环境具有安全性。

　母乳喂养是一个自然行为的同时， 也同样需要学习。

　大量研究证实， 母亲和其他照护者在开始和持续进行适宜的母乳喂养时需要得到积极的支持。

　世卫组织pacifi ers.

　Breastm ilk is the natural first food for babies, it provides all the energy and nutrients that the infant needs for the first m onths of life, and it continues to provide up to half or m ore of a child’s nutritional needs during the second half of the first year, and up to one-third during the second year of life. Breastm ilk prom otes sensory and cognitive developm ent, and protects the infant against infectious and chronic diseases. Exclusive breastfeeding reduces infant m ortality due to com m on childhood illnesses such as diarrhoea or pneum onia, and helps for a quicker recovery during illness. Breastfeeding contributes to the health and well-being of m others, it helps to space children, reduces the risk of ovarian cancer and breast cancer, increa national resources, is a secure way of feeding and is safe for the environm ent. While breastfeeding is a natural act, it is also a learned behaviour. An extensive body of research has dem onstrated that m others and other caregivers require active support for establishing and sustaining appropriate breastfeeding

　和联合国儿童基金会在 1 992 年发起了爱婴医院行动（BFHI ) ， 来加强孕产妇习惯做法， 以支持母乳喂养。

　爱婴医院行动在改善全世界范围内的纯母乳喂养状况做出了 贡献， 并支持整个卫生系统，这都有利于母亲持续地进行纯母乳喂养。

　世卫组织和联合国儿童基金会开发了一个为期 40 小时的母乳喂养咨询：

　培训班和最近开发的为期 5 天的婴幼儿喂养咨询：综合培训班来培训卫生工作人员， 使之能够为母乳喂养的母亲提供技能支持， 并帮助她们克服困难。

　基本的母乳喂养支持技能也是基层卫生工作者儿童疾病综合管理培训班的一部分。

　婴幼儿喂养全球战略描述了保护、 促进和支持母乳喂养的基本干预措施。

　practices. WHO and UNI CEF launched the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI ) in 1 992, to strengthen m aternity practices to support breastfeeding. The BFHI

　contributes to im proving the establishm ent of exclusive breastfeeding worldwide and, coupled with support throughout the health system , can help m others sustain exclusive breastfeeding. WHO and UNI CEF developed the 40-hour Breastfeeding Counselling: A Training Course and m ore recently the five-day Infant and Y oung Child Feeding Counselling: An Integrated Course to train a cadre of health workers that can provide skilled support to breastfeeding m others and help them

　overcom e problem s. Basic breastfeeding support skills are also part of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness training course for first-level health workers. The Global Strategy for Infant and Y oung Child Feeding describes the essential interventions to protect, prom ote and support breastfeeding.

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